Labour based technology is used in construction works, production, transformation, and maintenance of works, which optimises the use and management of local resources. Labour intensive construction guideline for water provision, sanitation, solid waste and building works. Technical paper lessons in labour intensive construction. National labour intensive public works himolipw strategy. The construction industry is considered laborintensive, as most of the required work is handson. The impact of labour intensive pavement construction on ebusingatha communities increased social benefits more reliable access to schools, clinics, etc. Labourbased methods and technologies for employment intensive construction works a cidb guide to best practice these best practice guidelines present current stateoftheart practices in a wide range of labourbased construction methods, manufacturing methods and technologies which have been successfully utilised in south africa in recent years. This definition is the result of extensive theoretical analysis, practical experimentation and largescale implementation over a period of at least 40 years. Legal and statutory requirements pertaining to labour intensive construction projects, including but not limited to. Modern labourintensive construction lays the platform for even more labour intensive methods of maintenance. Labour management is one of the important techniques used by managers in construction project management.
The outline above of several components of labour intensive construction amounts to a very different sociotechnical system to the conventional, capital intensive construction industry. Labourintensive construction and maintenance in subsaharan. However labor productivity has decreased every year because of increasing. The term labourintensive construction can be perceived as indicating the maximisation of labour. Pdf the main objective of this paper is to analyze the construction industry as a labor intensive industry and its impact and importance in. Rojas in an attempt to evaluate the efficiency of laborintensive construction operations, project managers typically compare actual with historical productivity for equivalent. Pdf estimation of optimal productivity in laborintensive. The study also confirmed that traditional labourintensive construction methods exposed workers to more hazards when compared to prefabrication and preassembly. Communitybased labour intensive construction2 of the amadiba road, which stretches for forty kilometres from a blacktopped provincial road r61 to the mtentu estuary, began in january 2002. Labour intensive construction expanded public works.
A set of csfs pertinent to labour intensive subcontractors are first identified through descriptive statistics. All of the above presupposes that appropriate labourbased methods and technologies are readily available to those engaged in construction works as designers and constructors. Reduce adverse environmental impact and health and safety dust. Labour intensive construction principles, and methods pertaining to construction, repair, and maintenance of water and sanitation systems. Implement labour intensive construction systems and techniques.
Despite their valuable contribution to employmentgeneration, many of these earlier experiments in employmentintensive public works in africa suffered from one or more of the following shortcomings barker, 1986. Difference between labour intensive and capital intensive. Labour based methods and technologies for employment intensive construction works a cidb guide to best practice best practice guideline part 1 an overview of labour based technologies and methods in employment intensive works edition of cidb document 1022 march 2005 1st contents. A good project management in construction should vigorously pursue the efficient utilization of labour. Therefore, the term labourenhanced construction is preferred and defined as the optimum utilisation of labour in the construction process while maintaining the economic, financial and technical efficiency and feasibility thereof. In simple words labour intensive technique is that which uses comparatively larger amount of labour and small doses of capital. Jun 25, 2014 labor intensive production also requires more time to complete one unit of production as production, generally, occurs on a small scale. The implementation of integrated environmental management principles as they relate to lic legal and statutory requirements pertaining to labour. Yet, with all these good intentions, it is generally perceived that levels of labour intensity are low and further efforts should be made to increase the use of labour intensive work methods. Butthere is also a search for modern, labourintensive technology, orin. Role of management in motivating labor to improve labor productivity ahsan ali khan. Labour costs are higher than capital intensive production, however they can vary.
In the face of the existing sociotechnical system the implementation of effective labour intensive methods has not been a straightforward or a simple process. Unlike physical resources, human beings have their own personal needs those must be fulfilled and habit those must be managed by an employer provided they are. It is important to clarify that i do not want to create a divisive binary future. The im plem entation of labour intensive building projects in south. South africa has seen this used before, but it is only in the last few years that it has been considered again in a serious light. Construction labour construction industry is a very labour. In the intervening period leading up to the commencement of the construction activities, a firm. Cost control techniques used on building construction sites in uganda george otim1, fiona nakacwa2. Estimation of optimal productivity in laborintensive. If the activities of a project depend on labor, it is called labor intensive project.
A set of csfs pertinent to labourintensive subcontractors are first identified through descriptive statistics. Legal and statutory requirements pertaining to labour. The study also confirmed that traditional labour intensive construction methods exposed workers to more hazards when compared to prefabrication and preassembly. Labour and capital intensive techniques with diagram. Advantages and disadvantages of labor intensive project wise. Advantages and disadvantages of capital and labour intensive. Exploring industrys contribution to the labour intensive. Yet, with all these good intentions, it is generally perceived that levels of labour intensity are low and further efforts should be made to increase the use of labourintensive work methods. He has an mba from usa and a bachelors of engineering from india. Labourbased methods and technologies for employment.
The major lessons learned are pertinent not merely to labour intensive construction but to national employment creationpublic works programmes. Advantages and disadvantages of capital and labour. Labour based methods and technologies for employment intensive construction works a cidb guide to best practice these best practice guidelines present current stateoftheart practices in a wide range of labour based construction methods, manufacturing methods and technologies which have been successfully utilised in south africa in recent years. Planning and construction of a stormwater system by labourintensive methods in an urban area community. Training provided under the epwp contractors were taught how to begin work on the road under the guidance of the consultant and client. Firms can benifit from access to lowcost labour as the job. However, the project itself had been running since july 2001. Development of labourintensive capacity in the construction industry. Labourintensive construction methods and unemployment jstor. Little throughout the third world labour intensive road construction is used as a method of employment creation and poverty relief. Labourintensive road construction in africa sciencedirect.
Labourintensive construction of l1756 under the epwp programme the new l1756 a road built by the community. Virtually all construction projects comprise at least some elements work items where labourbased or labourintensive methods could be used. Management of human resource in construction industry. These processes are more likely to be highly automated and to be used to produce on a large scale. Labour management in construction projects management essay. No automatic technology but the manual labor becomes major in such projects. All of the above presupposes that appropriate labour based methods and technologies are readily available to those engaged in construction works as designers and constructors. The relatively importance of labour and capital to a specific business can be described broadly in terms of their intensity or to put it another way, significance.
In the face of the existing sociotechnical system the implementation of effective labourintensive methods has not been a straightforward or a simple process. Labour intensive production will generally have lower running cost than capital intensive production, as workers will perform most of the tasks. Use labour intensive construction methods to construct and roads and stormwater drainage skills training program outcome of the training this course is aimed at providing the student with knowledge on labour intensive methods applied on road construction projects venue. Aug 12, 2019 the construction industry is considered labor intensive, as most of the required work is handson. Labourbased methods and technologies for employmentintensive construction works in this set.
Labour intensive construction principles, techniques and systems. Capitalintensive processes are those that require a relatively high level of capital investment compared to the labour cost. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to establish a set of csfs for those construction subcontractors which are labourintensive in nature. Labour based methods and technologies for employment intensive construction works in this set. National labour intensive public works himolipw strategy april 2008. Labourbased methods and technologies for employmentintensive construction works a cidb guide to best practice best practice guideline part 1 an overview of labourbased technologies and methods in employmentintensive works edition of cidb document 1022 march 2005 1st contents. Pdf laborintensive construction method to foster employment. Labourintensive road construction in africa 111 and techniques that had worked in industrialised countries to the developing countries. Development of labour intensive capacity in the construction industry.
To achieve that, a selfadministered questionnaire survey was conducted in hong kong. Capitalintensive production relies mainly on capital. Site training sessions were held at the start of each contract, where working to tasks was explained in detail. Lessons learnt there is a need for the proper documentation of tested methods and an easy and handy reference guide so that at the policymaking level can buyin on labour intensive pavement construction methods. Pdf impact of prefabrication on construction site health. Labor intensive construction method to foster employment opportunities in developing countries, prospects from south asian economy.
Estimation of optimal productivity in laborintensive construction operations krishna prasad kisi, ph. Cost control techniques used on building construction. A spwp is a shortterm, nonpermanent, labour intensive programme initiated by government and funded either fully or partially,11 from public resources to create a public asset. How to open a bank account, purchase insurances, and other tasks associated with starting up a business. In business, production generally has two techniques. The implementation of integrated environmental management principles as they relate to lic. Potential of labourintensive method of road improvements. Labour intensive production aims to use a large workforce to complete work by hand, this usually employs a lot of people to create a product. Guidelines for labour intensive construction methods.
The potential for skills development and employment creation. This was never going to be just another report about the construction skills crisis in isolation, it had to look much deeper. The manual includes guidelines on organisational issues. Guidelines for the implementation of labourintensive. Role of management in motivating labor to improve labor. If the task is simple then automation may not be necessary. Fifteenth annual transportation convention, session 2d, employmentintensive construction, university of pretoria, june. Advantages and disadvantages of capital and labour intensive production. Capital intensive production requires more machinery, equipment and sophisticated technological production systems in the production process.
Rojas in an attempt to evaluate the efficiency of labor intensive construction operations, project managers typically compare actual with historical productivity for equivalent. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to establish a set of csfs for those construction subcontractors which are labour intensive in nature. Otim, nakacwa and kyakula 367 cost control techniques used on building construction sites in uganda george otim1, fiona nakacwa2, michael kyakula3 1phd student, faculty of technology, makerere university, p. Even with the use of certain tools, a person must be involved with the vast majority of the work. Terms and words used in water and sanitation works. In malaysia, due to heavy reliance on traditional consttitruction meth dthod, the usage of consttitruction laboursare much more compared to the european countries.
Labor intensive projects are operated in the countries or a place where machine or automatic technology is not available, unemployed manpower is high, labor can be found at minimum cost. Cost control techniques used on building construction sites. An industry that is capital intensive is oil refining, manufacturing. Methods are needed w hich w ill allow project, particularly the clients of the. The potential for skills development and employment. Laborintensive methods are technically feasible for a wide range of construction activities and can generally produce the same quality. It is that technique by which more of labour and less of capital is required for the process of production. Labor intensive production also requires more time to complete one unit of production as production, generally, occurs on a small scale. Lessons in labour intensive construction mpa consulting.
Modern labourintensive construction techniques offer major potential for skills development and employment creation during the construction and maintenance of highquality public infrastructure, where the consulting engineer has an essential role to play. However work group also represents the most difficult resource of the organizations to manage. Labourintensive construction and maintenance in sub. Labourbased technology describes a technology that applies a labourequipment mix that gives priority to labour, supplementing it with appropriate equipment where necessary for reasons of quality or cost. Estimation of optimal productivity in labor intensive construction operations krishna prasad kisi, ph. The labour intensive philosophy, including the need for using lic methods in south africa, and the social consequences thereof. Estimation of optimal productivity in laborintensive construction operations. The outline above of several components of labourintensive construction amounts to a very different sociotechnical system to the conventional, capitalintensive construction industry. In most developing countries capital is so short and unskilled labour so abundant that it seems only common sense to use such labour to the extent feasible in capital construction projects. World bank study on substitution of labour and equipment in civil construction.
Lack of labour intensive pavement construction experience in technical team. Urban labourintensive road construction in south africa. Use labor intensive construction methods to construct and maintain roads and stormwater drainage any one of the 3 listed unit standards must be completed. Modern labour intensive construction techniques offer major potential for skills development and employment creation during the construction and maintenance of highquality public infrastructure, where the consulting engineer has an essential role to play. The employmentintensive investment programme of the ilo. A spwp is a shortterm, nonpermanent, labourintensive programme initiated by government and funded either fully or partially,11 from public resources to create a public asset. Throughout the third world labour intensive road construction is used as a method of employment. Modern labourintensive construction lays the platform for even more labourintensive methods of maintenance. The potential of labourintensive construction methods in. Labourintensive production relies mainly on labour.
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